{"id":17882,"date":"2025-09-24T10:55:32","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T08:55:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/?p=17882"},"modified":"2026-03-24T19:14:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T17:14:14","slug":"dades-relacionades-amb-el-dia-internacional-de-la-dona","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/?p=17882","title":{"rendered":"Dades relacionades amb el Dia Internacional de la Dona"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"203\" data-end=\"822\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">A mitjans del segle XIX van sorgir moviments reivindicatius a favor del sufragi femen\u00ed o dret a vot, fortament liderats per <strong data-start=\"327\" data-end=\"344\">Flora Tristan<\/strong> (<a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flora_Tristan\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"346\" data-end=\"403\">Viquip\u00e8dia<\/a>) i amb el suport te\u00f2ric de pensadors com <strong data-start=\"445\" data-end=\"465\">Friedrich Engels<\/strong> (<a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedrich_Engels\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"467\" data-end=\"527\">Viquip\u00e8dia<\/a>), amic de Karl Marx. Engels public\u00e0 l\u2019any 1884 <em data-start=\"575\" data-end=\"631\">L\u2019origen de la fam\u00edlia, la propietat privada i l\u2019Estat<\/em>, obra que inspir\u00e0 moviments anarquistes i neomalthusians, aquests \u00faltims hereus del pensament de <strong data-start=\"729\" data-end=\"754\">Thomas Robert Malthus<\/strong> (<a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malthusianismo\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"814\">Viquip\u00e8dia<\/a>) (1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"1197\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">L\u2019any 1910, a Copenhaguen (Dinamarca), es va celebrar la <strong data-start=\"881\" data-end=\"938\">Segona Confer\u00e8ncia Internacional de Dones Socialistes<\/strong>, que va impulsar el proc\u00e9s per instaurar el <strong data-start=\"983\" data-end=\"1015\">Dia Internacional de la Dona<\/strong>. L\u2019objectiu era reclamar la participaci\u00f3 de les dones en la societat en igualtat de condicions amb els homes. Ja l\u2019any 1907 s\u2019havia celebrat una primera confer\u00e8ncia introduct\u00f2ria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1199\" data-end=\"1494\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">El 19 de mar\u00e7 de 1911, liderades per <strong data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1252\">Clara Zetkin<\/strong> (<a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clara_Zetkin\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1254\" data-end=\"1310\">Viquip\u00e8dia<\/a>), es va celebrar per primer cop el <strong data-start=\"1346\" data-end=\"1377\">Dia de la Dona Treballadora<\/strong> a Alemanya, \u00c0ustria, Dinamarca i Su\u00efssa. A partir de llavors, la commemoraci\u00f3 es va anar estenent a altres pa\u00efsos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1496\" data-end=\"1737\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">L\u2019any 1975, l\u2019Assemblea General de les Nacions Unides declar\u00e0 l\u2019<strong data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1594\">Any Internacional de les Dones<\/strong> i convid\u00e0 els estats membres a celebrar, segons les seves tradicions, el <strong data-start=\"1668\" data-end=\"1734\">Dia Internacional pels Drets de la Dona i la Pau Internacional<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1739\" data-end=\"2313\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">Al llarg del temps, els discursos reivindicatius han anat variant segons els contextos hist\u00f2rics i socials. S\u2019hi han abordat temes com: l\u2019analfabetisme, la pobresa, la difer\u00e8ncia salarial, l\u2019acc\u00e9s a serveis socials i a la universitat, el dret a l\u2019her\u00e8ncia, la mutilaci\u00f3 genital femenina, l\u2019explotaci\u00f3 sexual, els matrimonis prematurs, el dret a escollir parella, la viol\u00e8ncia masclista, la separaci\u00f3 entre sexualitat i reproducci\u00f3, la planificaci\u00f3 familiar, l\u2019\u00fas d\u2019anticonceptius, l\u2019atenci\u00f3 a la inf\u00e0ncia i, m\u00e9s recentment, el dret a escollir el g\u00e8nere sentit per cadasc\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2320\" data-end=\"2357\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">Aspectes m\u00e9s recents del moviment<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2358\" data-end=\"2608\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">El 2016 es cre\u00e0 l\u2019<strong data-start=\"2376\" data-end=\"2414\">Aturada Internacional de les Dones<\/strong>, coneguda com a <strong data-start=\"2431\" data-end=\"2446\">Moviment 8M<\/strong>, que promou una vaga global el 8 de mar\u00e7 sota el lema <em data-start=\"2501\" data-end=\"2585\">\u201cNo a la viol\u00e8ncia social, legal, pol\u00edtica, moral i verbal que pateixen les dones\u201d<\/em> en m\u00e9s de 50 pa\u00efsos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2610\" data-end=\"2915\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">La primera aturada internacional es va fer el <strong data-start=\"2656\" data-end=\"2677\">8 de mar\u00e7 de 2017<\/strong>. Als Estats Units, el lema va ser <em data-start=\"2712\" data-end=\"2731\">\u201cDia sense dones\u201d<\/em>, impulsat per vuit activistes que tamb\u00e9 havien organitzat la <strong data-start=\"2793\" data-end=\"2844\">Marxa de les Dones contra l\u2019administraci\u00f3 Trump<\/strong>, en protesta per les pol\u00edtiques mis\u00f2gines, imperialistes i racistes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2917\" data-end=\"3089\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">A Espanya, el 2017 es va cridar a aturar les tasques de cures i es va demanar als mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 que s\u2019hi impliquessin. La vaga, per\u00f2, no sempre va ser secundada.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3096\" data-end=\"3130\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">S\u00edmbols del moviment feminista<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3131\" data-end=\"3168\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">Els s\u00edmbols m\u00e9s representatius s\u00f3n:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17883\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17883\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/?attachment_id=17883#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-17883\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17883\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mercedes-Diaz-sinspira-amb-la-bandera-de-Campbell.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17883\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dissenyada per Mercedes D\u00edaz i inspirada amb la bandera de Campbell<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul data-start=\"3169\" data-end=\"3977\">\n<li data-start=\"3169\" data-end=\"3234\">\n<p data-start=\"3171\" data-end=\"3234\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\"><strong data-start=\"3171\" data-end=\"3190\">El mocador verd<\/strong> de forma triangular, d\u2019origen sufragista.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3235\" data-end=\"3292\">\n<p data-start=\"3237\" data-end=\"3292\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\"><strong data-start=\"3237\" data-end=\"3262\">El color lila o morat<\/strong> a la vestimenta i objectes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3293\" data-end=\"3477\">\n<p data-start=\"3295\" data-end=\"3477\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\"><strong data-start=\"3295\" data-end=\"3317\">El s\u00edmbol de Venus<\/strong>, representat per un cercle amb una creu a sota, que en la seva versi\u00f3 moderna es transforma en un puny aixecat dins el cercle, s\u00edmbol de la matriu que es pot percebre tamb\u00e9 com a intimidant.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3478\" data-end=\"3621\">\n<p data-start=\"3480\" data-end=\"3621\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\"><strong data-start=\"3480\" data-end=\"3495\">El triangle<\/strong>, sovint invertit, present en cartells i manifestacions. Algunes participants l\u2019han representat amb les mans sobre el front.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3622\" data-end=\"3905\">\n<p data-start=\"3624\" data-end=\"3905\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\"><strong data-start=\"3624\" data-end=\"3643\">El numer\u00f2nim 8M<\/strong>, que remet tant al dia i mes de la commemoraci\u00f3 com a les vuit dones fundadores del lema \u201cDia sense dones\u201d. El n\u00famero 8, col\u00b7locat en horitzontal, es vincula al s\u00edmbol de l\u2019infinit o a l\u2019<strong data-start=\"3831\" data-end=\"3842\">analema<\/strong> solar (<a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analema\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3850\" data-end=\"3901\">Viquip\u00e8dia<\/a>)., en ocasi\u00f3ns resta poc vist o com a resultat de sumes n\u00fameriques per exemple 15m2 de superficie que suma 8.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17889\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17889\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/?attachment_id=17889#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-17889\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-17889\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/8-M-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17889\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">S\u00edmbol del lla\u00e7 i 8M<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3906\" data-end=\"3977\">\n<p data-start=\"3908\" data-end=\"3977\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\"><strong data-start=\"3908\" data-end=\"3920\">La trena<\/strong>, entesa com a s\u00edmbol de for\u00e7a i de comunitat femenina i de referent usat en films i publicitat relacionats amb la dona..<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3979\" data-end=\"4310\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">Alguns autors hi afegeixen interpretacions m\u00e9s simb\u00f2liques. Segons l\u2019investigador Alexander Eleazar, en la llengua <strong data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4105\">Elengoa<\/strong> (2), el 8 significa <em data-start=\"4126\" data-end=\"4132\">Zoro<\/em> i la M significa <em data-start=\"4150\" data-end=\"4155\">Amo<\/em>, de manera que 8M es podria llegir com \u201cAmo Zoro\u201d, un personatge que, segons l\u2019autor Jos\u00e9 A. Hernando, representa qui \u201cordena fer aturar les dones\u201d (3).<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4312\" data-end=\"4633\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\">Tamb\u00e9 hi ha qui associa aquest arquetip amb figures ancestrals com el d\u00e9u <strong data-start=\"4386\" data-end=\"4399\">Viracocha<\/strong> del Per\u00fa, suggerint que alguns moviments socials moderns podrien tenir reminisc\u00e8ncies de cultes antics. Aix\u00f2 obre el debat sobre si tota mobilitzaci\u00f3 \u00e9s genu\u00efnament espont\u00e0nia o si respon a estructures m\u00e9s profundes i desconegudes.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17879\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17879\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/?attachment_id=17879#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-17879\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-17879\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sala-Negra-300x110.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sala-Negra-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sala-Negra-650x239.png 650w, https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sala-Negra-768x282.png 768w, https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sala-Negra-1536x564.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sala-Negra.png 1704w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17879\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sala de parets negres, Terracotta<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 data-start=\"4640\" data-end=\"4649\"><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18513\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18513\" style=\"width: 240px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/dona.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18513\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/dona-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/dona-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/dona.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18513\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">El <strong>8 M<\/strong> identificatiu del d\u00eda de la dona-Cartell de l&#8217;any 2026, ben assenyalat .<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 data-start=\"4640\" data-end=\"4649\"><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18536\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18536\" style=\"width: 224px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Intromissio-aq-.jpg-claro--scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18536\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Intromissio-aq-.jpg-claro--224x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Intromissio-aq-.jpg-claro--224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Intromissio-aq-.jpg-claro--485x650.jpg 485w, https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Intromissio-aq-.jpg-claro--768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Intromissio-aq-.jpg-claro--1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Intromissio-aq-.jpg-claro--1528x2048.jpg 1528w, https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Intromissio-aq-.jpg-claro--scaled.jpg 1910w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18536\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Intromissions socials<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 data-start=\"4640\" data-end=\"4649\"><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"4640\" data-end=\"4649\"><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"4640\" data-end=\"4649\"><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"4640\" data-end=\"4649\">Notes<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4650\" data-end=\"5319\">(1) <strong data-start=\"4654\" data-end=\"4679\">Thomas Robert Malthus<\/strong> (1766-1834) postulava que si no s\u2019intervenia amb \u201cobstacles repressius\u201d com guerres, fam i epid\u00e8mies, la pobresa creixeria fins a posar en risc la superviv\u00e8ncia humana. (<em data-start=\"4850\" data-end=\"4862\">Viquip\u00e8dia<\/em>)<br data-start=\"4863\" data-end=\"4866\" \/>(2) <strong data-start=\"4870\" data-end=\"4881\">Elengoa<\/strong>, anomenada \u201cla primera llengua\u201d, \u00e9s un concepte proposat per Alexander Eleazar: <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZIdOi3plZk88\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4962\" data-end=\"5021\">veure v\u00eddeo<\/a>.<br data-start=\"5022\" data-end=\"5025\" \/>(3) <strong data-start=\"5029\" data-end=\"5049\">Jos\u00e9 A. Hernando<\/strong>, <em data-start=\"5051\" data-end=\"5079\">Teor\u00eda del Todo i-fot\u00f3nica<\/em> (2016): llibre sobre els s\u00edmbols gravats a pedra a Valdeande (Burgos). Segons l\u2019autor: <em data-start=\"5167\" data-end=\"5317\">\u201cL\u2019univers \u00e9s una xarxa de fluxos que busca l\u2019estabilitat; encara que mai l\u2019assoleix del tot, aquesta recerca genera l\u2019energia que el fa funcionar.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A mitjans del segle XIX van sorgir moviments reivindicatius a favor del sufragi femen\u00ed o dret a vot, fortament liderats per Flora Tristan (Viquip\u00e8dia) i amb el suport te\u00f2ric de pensadors com Friedrich Engels (Viquip\u00e8dia), amic de Karl Marx. Engels public\u00e0 l\u2019any 1884 L\u2019origen de la fam\u00edlia, la propietat privada i l\u2019Estat, obra que inspir\u00e0&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":17885,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,32],"tags":[2232,2233,1271],"class_list":["post-17882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diversos","category-miscel-lania","tag-dia-de-la-dona","tag-rigens","tag-simbols"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17882"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17882"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17882\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18537,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17882\/revisions\/18537"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosammasana.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}